Various reaction phenomena of ammonia

Ammonia is a kind of ammonia water mainly composed of NH3·H2O. It is a colorless and transparent ammonia solution with pungent odor. Ammonia exists in the temperature range of 77.773℃, 33.34℃ and 0.91g/cm³. Ammonia is easily dissolved into ethanol in water. It has strong volatility and partial alkali permeability. It is prepared by passing ammonia water and water through ammonia water. Ammonia is toxic, irritating to eyes, nose, and skin, and can suffocate people. The maximum allowable concentration in the air is 30mg/t. It is mainly used as fertilizer.

In the 25%-30% ammonia solution containing ammonia water, a small part of the ammonia molecules react with water to form ammonia monohydrate, and there is only a small amount in the weak base in the ammonia water. The condensation temperature of ammonia gas is related to the concentration of ammonia water, usually the condensation temperature (wt) is 20%, which is around -35°C. When the heat capacity is 4.3×10³J/kg·°C (10% ammonia water), it will react with acid-neutralized ammonia, generate heat, and cause explosion hazard.

Ammonia reacts with hydrochloric acid

This is the case now.

Hydrogen sulfide reacts under the volatility of ammonia and concentrated hydrochloric acid to produce white smoke and produce ammonium chloride. Since the crystals of ammonium chloride are white, the smoke is also white. Chemical smoke refers to tiny solid particles dispersed in the air, and mist refers to tiny liquid droplets dispersed in the air. Chloride ions are solid, so the experimental phenomenon is white smoke, not white smoke.

Formula: NH3+HCl=NH4Cl.

Mercury nitrate reacts with ammonia.

Equality phenomenon

Adding a proper amount of Hg(H3)2+2NH3.H2O=HgO↓+H2O+2NH4M3 to the ammonia water will produce a yellow precipitate, which will then be dissolved in a colorless solution to finally form a mercury mixture.

Excessive ammonia water Hg(NO3)2+2NH3.H2O=HgO[precipitation]+H2O+2NH4NO3 solution, because ammonia only acts as a base, yellow precipitation appears.

Copper sulfate, ammonia water.

Equality phenomenon

Too much CuSO4+2NH3·H2O=Cu(OH)2+NH4)2SO4 will cause precipitation of copper sulfate when it is light blue.

CuSO4+2NH3·H2O=Cu(OH)2SO4;Cu(OH)2+4NH3·H2O=[Cu(NH3)4]OH2+4H2O(OH2+4H2O) is soluble in copper sulfate precipitation solution, forming a dark blue The copper ammine complex ion.

A chemical reaction occurs between silver nitrate and ammonia.

Equality phenomenon

AgOH+3+NH3·H2O=AgOH↓+NH4SH; AgOH+2NH3.H2O=[Ag(NH3)2]OH+2H2O generates AgOH, AgOH generates amino compound, and amino compound forms Ag(NH3)OH. The existence of the complex is stable, and there is no obvious phenomenon.

Ammonia 2AgOH=Ag2O+H2O generates white AgOH in the silver nitrate ammonia solution, which is very unstable and cannot be combined with ammonia molecules. It decomposes immediately to form a black, slightly water-soluble solid.

Disulfide water reaction

Isometric phenomenon.

The amount of SO_2 in ammonia water is sufficient, 2NH_3·H_2O_10SO_2=(NH4)2SO_3·H_2O_10SO_2, which is more than twice as much as SO_2, reacts with ammonia water to generate ammonium sulfite, so that the ammonia water in the system is ammonia.

SO_2 in ammonia is insufficient, and ammonia is one or two times less than SO_2, NH_3·H_2O_2O_2=NH4HSO_3 completely forms ammonium sulfite, and the ammonium ion is stable.